What is the reason each state has two U.S. Senators?

Each state has two U.S. Senators to maintain equal representation in the Senate, regardless of the state's population size. This structure is a fundamental aspect of the U.S. federal system, established by the Constitution. It was designed to ensure that every state, whether large or small, has the same level of influence in the legislative process.

This approach was a compromise during the Constitutional Convention, aimed at balancing the interests of both populous and less populous states. By granting each state two Senators, the framers sought to protect the rights and voices of smaller states against potential domination by larger ones. As a result, every state can participate equally in the Senate's deliberations and decisions, which is crucial for the functioning of a representative democracy.