Why do U.S. Representatives serve shorter terms than U.S. Senators?

U.S. Representatives serve shorter terms than U.S. Senators primarily to more closely follow public opinion. This design reflects the Framers' intention to create a legislative body that is more responsive to the electorate's changing views and needs. With a two-year term, Representatives must frequently seek re-election, which encourages them to stay attuned to their constituents' perspectives and concerns. This frequent turnover creates an opportunity for voters to express their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with their representatives, thereby ensuring that the House of Representatives remains accessible and accountable to the public.

In contrast, U.S. Senators serve six-year terms, which allows them to take a longer-term view on issues without the immediate pressure of being re-elected every two years. This balance between the two chambers was deliberately crafted to provide stability while also responding to the immediate will of the people, making the House more dynamic and reflective of shifts in public sentiment.